interlinear glossing abbreviations
Sgaw Karen (based on Leipzig rules)
⚐ Full list follows Leipzig Glossing Rules, with additional language-specific markers (FIXED, AWAY, RETURN, etc.)
guide contents by part
❷ verbal markers
NEG, IRR, DES, ABIL, HIT, OPP, APPR, BEN, MAL, RECP, REFL, NS, CONT, PRF
examples →❸ nominal categories
CLF, 1D,2D,3D, ANIM, HUM, GNR, COLL, INTS, EXT, SUPL, CMPR, EXC, NMLZ, LOC.N, RLN
examples →❹ syntactic functions
A,S,P · LOC.P, ALL.P, GNR.P, COM · COMP, REL, PURP, COND, CONC, SIM
examples →❺ discourse/pragmatic
TOP, FRAME, CNTR, COR, WD · FP (FACT, PQ, CQ, AGR, ATT, OPT, PROH, SUPP, CONF)
examples →❻ verb serialization
UP, DOWN, HORIZ, AWAY, FIXED, LEARN, PREP, SOC · directionals, purpose
examples →❼ miscellaneous
N, V, PN, PTCL, INTJ, IDEO, ONOM · kinship (B,e,F,G,M,SI,y,Z) · GNT, KJV · symbols
examples →about this guide
Based on “Expanded Guide to Sgaw Karen Interlinear Glossing Abbreviations”, adapted from the Leipzig Glossing Rules. Each abbreviation includes a definition, complete examples with interlinear gloss, literal where helpful, and natural translation. Examples drawn from actual linguistic field data and published texts.